Bolt-anchorage and method of forming same



I. E. OGDEN.

BOLT ANCHORAGE AND METHOD 0F FoRMlNG SAME.

APPLICATION FILED IULY24, i920. f

1,367,080. e Peeented Feb. 1,1921. /3 /5 n En AIAA-I UNITED STATES JOHN EDWARD OGDEN, 0F MOUNTAINVIJE, NEW YORK.

BOLT-ANCHORAGE AND METHOD 0F FORMING SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.'

Patented Feb. 1, 1921.

Application led July 24, 1920. Serial No. 398,742.

To all lwhom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN EDWARD OGDEN, a citizen of the United States of Amerlca, and a resident of Mountainville, town of Cornwall, Orange county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bolt Anchorages and Method of Forming Same, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates to anchorages for bolts or screws in materials with which the threads of the same cannot form a secure engagement, and its object is to provide a simple, inexpensive and effective anchorage for this purpose, and a novel method of forming such an anchorage.

These and other objects ofthe invention will appear in the specification which I will now proceed to describe and the novel features of which will be set forth in appended claims.

Referring to the drawing:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a Ipart of a member in which an anchorage is to be formed, with a bolt therein and certain anchorage elements shown in section surrounding the shank of the bolt. l

Fig. 2 shows the same parts in the positions they assume after the anchorage has been formed. These figures illustrate a simple embodiment of this invention.

. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a modification of the form of some of the anchorage elements, and a full elevation of a forming tool which may be used to expand them.

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of an anchorage which has been formed of and by the parts shown in Fig. 3, with a bolt partly screwed into it.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of an anchorage and a nut which anchorage' has been formed in accordance with this invention together with a bolt shown in full elevation.

Figs. 6 and 7 are each en-d views and sectional elevations of anchorage members of different forms which may beused in'carrying out this invention.

, Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawing. n

10 designates a wall or other structure 1n which the anchorage is to be' formed, and 11 is a hole drilled therein.

When the anchorage is to be formed in the manner illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, a bolt 12 1s inserted in the hole with the head thereof innermost. The shank of the bolt is then surrounded by a plurality of fiat hard metal washers 13 and a plurality of transversely bent washers 14 of soft or deformable material. The latter are preferably thlcker than the fiat washers. -Then a nut 15 1s screwed onto the bolt. The effect of the longitudinal movement of the nut on the bolt will squeeze these anchorage members 13 and 14 together until they assume the positlons in which they are shown in Fig. 2. As the bent washers become flattened there* by, their outside diameters have a tendency to increase and this forces the material thereof against the wall of the hole 11 and thereby forms a secure anchorage. This effect is produced by a toggle effect in that the openings in the deformable washers are only large enough to form a clearance with the shank of the bolt so that in flattening them they have a tendency to be forced into engagement not only with the wall of the hole but also with the shank of the bolt. When the deformable washers 14 are of soft ductile material, this material is forced both against the wall of the hole and against the shank of the bolt and it also has the additional effect of being forced into any irregularities in the wall and any interstices be tween themselves and the fiat washers.

After the anchorage has been thus formed, the nut 15 may be removed'and any other desired article screwed onto the bolt, or of course, any desired article may be interposed between the nut 15 and the adjacent washer before expansion is effected, if this is desired.

In Fig. 3 the deformable washers 14 are of the same shape and construction as those shown in Fig. 1, but in this` case, the hard metal washers 13a are also bent transversely. Obviously anchorage members of this kind can be expanded in the same way as that described in connection with Figs.

l1 and 2. Another way of expanding them is shown in Fig. 3. A forming tool 2() has a shank 21 which extends through the,aper tures in the washers 14 and 13a. This tool also has a part 22 of larger diameter preferably than that of the hole 1l. The anchorage members can be flattened by applying pressure to the end of this tool 20,

metal washers 14.

as for example, by hammer bolts. In this case, the part 21 holds'the anchorage members from being expanded inwardly beyond a desired extent, which is preferably about the diameter of the base of the thread bolt which is t0 be used in the anchorage.

The apertures of the hard metal washers 13a are of larger diameter than that of the part 21 of the forming tool, so that after the anchorage has been formed and the forming tool removed, as shown in'Fig. 4, the washers 13a will clear the outside diameter of'the threads of the bolt 23, but\ the bolt as it is screwed in, will Vcut threads in the inwardly pro'ecting parts of the soft f`he part 21 of the forming tool is slidable within the part 22 so that these parts telescope together during the formation of the anchorage.

' An anchorage formed of members like those shown in any of the preceding figures may be expanded in the way illustratedin Fig. 5, in which case a nut 25 is first inserted in the bottom of the hole and then a bolt 26 surrounded by anchorage elements,

such as 13 and 14, may be screwed into the nut to expand the anchorage element.. In this Fig. 5 the anchorage has been formed and' the bolt has been partly withdrawn from the nut. I

The deformable lwashers may be either dished, as shown'in Figs. 1 and 3 or Iray be transversely bent in other ways such, for example, as that shown in Fig. 6, in which the anchorage elements 14a are curved dii-` ferently. It is also within the scope of this invention to make the transversely 'bent anchorage elements as shown at 14b in Fig. 7. The principle involved being that the diameters of the washers must increase when they are attened..

In a ypatent issued to J osephKennedy, No. 1,352,201, September 9, 1920, an anchorage is shown and described which is somewhat like that of my invention, but I have discovered that it is not necessary in order to form an eicient anchorage to face deformable washers in opposite vdirections in order to obtain a double toggle grip, but that a single to gle grip is also effected and can be obtaine by the simple arrangement herein disclosed.

I'have also found that a good anchorage may be formed of a plurality of Hat washers by making some of them of hard metal and some of soft metal, and then forcing them into a hole by longitudinal pressure applied to the outer member. In this case the soft metal washers are deformable in the sense that their thicknesses decrease during such an operation and their outer diameter is increased and inner diameter decreased. During such an operation parts of the soft metal become forced into the interstices in the wall of the bore and the parts which are extruded inwardly between the hard metal washers fill in between the washers and also form an excellent surface for engaging the threads of an inserted bolt.

I have illustrated several forms of anchorage elements and different ways and means 0f expanding them, to show that my invention is not limited to any specific form or Way of expanding the elements except that the expansion must be made by applying longitudinal or end-wise pressure to the an- 7 chorage elements, and I intend no limitations other than those imposed by. the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. Means for forming an anchorage in an aperture in a wall or other body comprising a plurality of washers every other one of which is transversely bent to reduce its external. diameter, and means for flattening said bent washers Within the aperture to increase the diameter thereof.

2. Means for forming an anchorage in an aperture in a wall or other body comprising a plurality of washers at least some of which are transversely bent to reduce their external diameters, and placed with similar surfaces facing in the same direction, and means for Hattening said bent washers within the aperture to increase the diameters thereof.

3. Means for forming an anchorage in an aperture in a wall or other body comprisinfr a plurality of alternate flat washers and washers transversely bent to reduce their external diameters, and means for fiattening said bent Washers within the aperture to in- 100 crease the diameters thereof.

4. Means for forming an anchorage in an aperture in a wall or other body comprising a plurality. of alternate fiat washers and washers transversely bent to reduce their ex- 105 ternal diameters and to space the washers, and means for forcing said washers together.

5. Means .for forming an anchorage in an aperture in a wall or other body comprising a plurality of washers every other one of 110 which is of soft metal transversely bent to reduce its external diameter, and means for attening said soft metal washers within the aperture to increase the diameters thereof.

6. Means for formingan anchorage in an 11i aperture in a wall or other body comprising a plurality of alternating hard metal washers and soft metal washers, said soft metal washers being transversely bent to reduce their external diameters, and means for at- 1I. tening said soft metal washers within the apertureto increase the diameters therof.

7. Means for forming an anchorage in an aperture in a Wall or other body comprising a plurality of alternating hard metal wash- 128 ers and soft metal washers, said soft metal washers being transversely bent to reduce their external diameters, and means for flattening said soft metal washers within the aperture to increase the diameters thereof, l

Laer-,oso Y B the internal (diameters of the hard metal aperture in a Wall or other body comprising Washers being at least as great as the outside a plurality of hard and soft metal Washers,

diameter of the threads of the vbolt for which and'means for forcing said washers together 20 said anchorage is formed. by pressure appliedl thereto axially to there- V8. The herein described method of formby deform the soft metal Washers.

ing an anchorage Whichconsists of forming l0. Means for forming an anchorage in an an aperture in a body,` placing a plurality of aperture in a Wall or other body comprising alternate Hat hard metal Washers land soft a plurality of alternatelyydisposed hard and 25 metal Washers therein, said soft metal Washy soft metal Washers, and means for forcingv ers being transversely'bent to reduce their said washers together by pressure applied external diameters and to space the Washers, thereto axially to thereby deforma-the soft forcing -said Washers together and expandymetal Washers.

ing the'sot metal Washers bythe applica- In witness whereof, I hereunto set my 30 tion of longitudinal pressure and limiting hand this 22nd day of Jul 1920. 'the inward expansion ofthe soft metal i JOHN ED `ARD OGDEN. Washers While said pressure is being ap lied. Witness: j

9. Means for forming an anchorage 1n an I. B. MOORE. 4. 

